Vents deep-sea are also known in form d' infiltration d' deep water, in open sea of the springs, and hydrothermal. Found at the bottom of l' ocean, they are created by l' volcanic activity and tectonic in the zones where d' immense hostile plates are convergent or to propagate l' other. Magma bursts along the edges of these plates, in general slowly, but sometimes with such a ferocity qu' it creates lakes of instantaneous lava. Thick and black smoke is in fact a plume of metal rich person, of l' overheated water s' to escape from the vase and the sediments covered, gray and black of chimney d' an underwater volcano.
To hope Under thousands of books of pressure per square inch, l' sea water s' infiltrate gradually in the mouths d' ventilation, where it is overheated and filled with ore of manganese and d' others before qu' it did not finally return to l' ocean. This discovery led certain researchers to speculate that each drop d' sea water circulates through l' Earth's crust, while passing by the vents, all the 10 to 20 years million. Before the discovery of the vents, the majority of the scientists thought that all the minerals of the sea were released in l' ocean by the continental rivers.

Parce qu' no solar light reaches the depth where the vents are found, these underwater wonders are visible only in the projectors d' an inhabited submarine, like Alvine. This meeting of three submarine of anybody, which can descend 12.800 feet below the sea level, all d' access taken of the photographs and the scientific researchers to see the vents along the rift of Galapagos in 1977, when the discovery was made. Residents of l' vent community, although certainly not the prettiest creatures, are perhaps most attractive of the underwater wonders of the whole world to leave d' a scientific point of view.
With the geothermic chimneys, the marine biologists have the d' possibility; to study a food chain which functions without sun. The majority of the biologists believed that the sunlight only, thanks to photosynthesis, could support the life on Earth. With the vents, however, the life starts with bacteria which metabolize the sulphide d' hydrogen. Bacteria, in their turn, to become a food for the other animals in l' vent of the community.

Among the 300 species d' living organisms found close to the vents, perhaps the best documented forms of life are the red giants, points towards with tube-12-foot-tall creatures of which food tentacles 300.000 stock of l' water. In comparison, worms with tube in l' surface ocean are a dozen tentacles and push only a few centimetres length. Blind crabs and of shrimps, which n' do not need to see in a world without light, to live among the octopuses which eat crabs and moulds.
Also fascinating resident ventfish pink, cucumbers of sea include/understand, the sponges and the ophiures, the animals flowerlike which use their appendices amends to fix themselves at the rocks. The moulds are among the 48 mollusc species documented in Vent communities. And some specimens of giant clams which live in this l' measurement; environment nearly ten inches length. How does a vent function are colonized? Certain species, while in their larval stage, Travels immense distances to traverse through quasi without life and completely without light kingdom to be colonized and with new vents on the bottom.
But d' other species Travels d' access on the surface to nourish itself before s' to install with a new sea deep-wind. Several of these vents were found and explored at the same time in the Pacific and l' The Atlantic, while d' others to undoubtedly remain hidden one mile or more under sea surface and await d' to be discovered. The scientists who study forms of life near the vents opinion that the bacteria there, like unimportant qu' they appear May majority of people, May to provide indices on how the life d' access formed on this planet so much of d' million; years.